- It is used for actions that have happened recently or that have occurred but are not yet finished.
- The participle of regular verbs is formed by adding the endings "-ado" (verbs in "-ar") or "-ido" (for verbs in "-er" and "-ir").
- The past participle is invariable. It is the same for all personal pronouns.
| Conjugación de "haber" (Conjugation of "haber") | Participio (Participle) | Ejemplo (Example) |
|---|---|---|
| Yo he | tomado | He tomado una bebida en el bar. (I have had a drink at the bar.) |
| Tú has | Has tomado el menú en el restaurante. (You have taken the menu in the restaurant.) | |
| Él/ella ha | Ha tomado un plato en la pizzería. (Has taken a dish at the pizzeria.) | |
| Nosotros/-as hemos | Hemos tomado el postre en la cafetería. (We have had dessert in the café.) | |
| Vosotros/-as habéis | Habéis tomado un café en el restaurante. (You have had a coffee in the restaurant.) | |
| Ellos/-as han | Han tomado la bebida que les gustaba. (They have taken the drink they liked.) |
Exceptions!
- Some participles are irregular. For example: "escribir - escrito, abrir - abierto, hacer - hecho, decir - dicho, ver- visto, romper - roto."
Exercise 1: "Haber" + participio (el pretérito perfecto)
Instruction: Fill in the correct word.
hemos tomado, he tomado, han comido, ha comido, habéis tomado, han bebido, hemos bebido, has tomado
1.
Beber:
Ellos ... un zumo en la cafetería.
(They have drunk a juice in the café.)
2.
Comer:
Ella ... un plato de pasta en el restaurante italiano.
(She has eaten a plate of pasta at the Italian restaurant.)
3.
Beber:
Nosotras ... una bebida en el bar.
(We have drunk a drink in the pub.)
4.
Tomar:
Nosotros ... una bebida fría en la cafetería.
(We have had a cold drink in the café.)
5.
Tomar:
Tú ... tu plato favorito en el restaurante.
(You have taken your favourite dish in the restaurant.)
6.
Tomar:
Vosotros ... el menú para leerlo.
(You have taken the menu to read it.)
7.
Comer:
Ellas ... un postre después de la cena.
(They have eaten a dessert after dinner.)
8.
Tomar:
Yo ... un postre pequeño.
(I have had a small dessert.)
Exercise 2: Multiple Choice
Instruction: Choose the correct solution
1. He ______ el plato del día en el restaurante.
(I have ______ the dish of the day at the restaurant.)2. Hemos ______ una bebida fría en el bar.
(We have ______ a cold drink at the bar.)3. ¿Has ______ con el camarero para reservar una mesa?
(Have you ______ with the waiter to reserve a table?)4. He ______ una propina después de cenar en la pizzería.
(I have ______ a tip after dining at the pizzeria.)5. Han ______ platos típicos de la cocina española.
(They have ______ typical dishes of Spanish cuisine.)6. He ______ en España y he visitado muchos restaurantes.
(I have ______ in Spain and have visited many restaurants.)